Graphene has the highest room-temperature mobility but was historically outperformed at low temperatures by GaAs 2D electron gas, which achieves up to 56×10^6 cm2/Vs, whereas state-of-the-art graphene had ~3×10^6 cm2/Vs. The limitation was overcome by employing strong, tunable Coulomb screening to suppress disorder and improve graphene quality. This led to the observation of Landau quantization at magnetic fields of only a few milli-Tesla, indicating exceptionally clean devices. Mobility measurements now show graphene surpassing GaAs at low temperatures. This marks a significant historical milestone for the field.
Citation: Nat. Commun. 16, 7389 (2025)
Authors: I. Babich, I. Reznikov, I. Begichev, A.E. Kazantsev, S. Slizovskiy, D. Baranov, M. Siskins, Z. Zhan, P. A. Pantaleon, M. Trushin, J. Zhao, S. Grebenchuk, K.S. Novoselov, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, V.I. Fal’ko, A. Principi, A.I. Berdyugin