Brief Description of Modules

Prerequisite & Preclusion(s): please refer to NUS Bulletin Online



COS2000 Computational Thinking for Scientists

This module introduces students to computational thinking as applied to problems in science. A selection of examples will be chosen to illustrate (a) application of abstraction, decomposition and pattern recognition in problem formulation and solution development, and (b) solution interpretation, as well as (c) analysis of the computational solutions and data visualization. The selection will tackle different types of approaches typically used in scientific computational thinking, including deterministic, probabilistic and approximation methods. The module will also highlight scientific computational issues such as accuracy and convergence of numerical results. Python/Python Notebook (Jupyter) will be used as the computation platform.

GEH1030 Science of Music

This module aims to establish clear relationships between the basic elements of music found in virtually all musical cultures and their underlying scientific and mathematical principles. Musical scales which are the foundation of western musical culture as well as many other musical cultures will be discussed, with their evolution viewed from both western and non-western perspectives. The scientific and technical basis for the development of musical instruments of different musical cultures such as the piano, as well as their acoustical characteristics, will be examined. The module also looks at contemporary technologies in music such as digitization which has profoundly affected how the music of virtually all musical cultures is propagated.

GEK1520/PC1322 Understanding the Universe

The first part of the module covers the observations of celestial objects and their influences on the ancient cultures. Students will learn how calendars and astrology were developed, and how the fundamental laws of nature were discovered. The second part covers the use of telescopes and space missions to explore the universe. Discoveries of stars and galaxies and their impact on mankind's perceptions of the Universe will be explored. Students will learn how Earth formed as a planet that develops and sustains life. There will be a discussion on the latest developments in searching for Earth-like extraterrestrial objects, and explore their impacts on the societies.

GEH1013 Physics in Life Sciences

Life science is the science that deals with phenomena regarding living organisms. It includes branches such as biology, medicine, anthropology and ecology. Physics on the other hand, studies the fundamental relationship between matter, energy, space, and time. Many people may consider them to be in different regimes and require different mindsets to work on. But as both disciplines advanced, it became increasingly clear that the interactions between them are far more pervasive and fundamental than one might expect. For example, the field of biophysics has risen since the 1950s, and it has vastly changed how biologists look at living systems or study biology. It proved that the mindsets of biology and physics can join together to provide deeper insight into the phenomenon we call life. We will base the material on the basic laws of physics, and discuss how they are interwined with all kinds of life science and daily life phenomena, from cells to ecosystems and from Earth to outer space. Through reading this module, the students would be able to think deeper about the daily phenomena around them, and understand better the foundation of life on Earth.

GEH1017 Computation and Machine: Ancient to Modern

Why computers are so ubiquitous nowadays? What rule the computer is playing in scientific query and discovery? What was it like before the age of digital electronic computer? This module brings us back to antiquity from ruler and compass, abacus, mechanical calculator and all the way to modern electronic digital computer. It is intriguing to see the methods of computations in ancient Babylonian, Greek and Roman times, and in Chinese and Arabic cultures. For the modern digital era, we discuss how computer does calculations, how the instructions or algorithm are given to computer, and why the binary number system is used. Finally, we speculate the role quantum computer will play in the future.

GEH1018 A Brief History of Science

Nowadays it is all too easy to take basic science laws and theories, such as Newton's law of gravitational attraction or evolution for granted. The impact of research breakthroughs on society at the time of their development is being forgotten, as they come to be taken for granted. Even Science students tend to be unaware of how modern concepts have arisen, what their impact was at the time and how they changed the world. This course is intended to explain the history and significance of scientific developments on societies and how perceptions of the world have changed as a result.

GEH1027 Einstein's Universe and Quantum Weirdness

Einstein's Ideas of our Universe and his Quantum contributions has greatly impacted the human societies. Students will also be enthused with the historical and philosophical development of Relativity and Quantum Theories. Einstein's relativistic thinking eventually leads to the creation of navigational systems that are used in transportation and communication, both by the military as well as hand phone consumers. The construction of nuclear plants is made possible by the relativistic results of mass and energy conversion. Einstein's Photoelectric discoveries also pave the way for modern cameras in the ubiquitous mobile devices. The quest for new quantum particles at the colliders by huge collaborations among many countries gave birth to the World Wide Web and the internet Culture.

GEH1028 The Emerging Nanoworld

This module will acquaint students with the rapid development of the nanoworld with insights into the impact of this emerging technology on our society, environment and human life. The essence of nanoscience and technology lies in the understanding and manipulation of molecules. The advances in these fields are expected to significantly influence our lives in the spheres of medical, engineering, ethical and environmental issues. This module will discuss the potential benefits and challenges of novel nanotechnologies. How does nanotechnology affect society and human interaction? How will nanodevices and nanomaterials change our lives in the future?

GEH1029 Great Ideas in Contemporary Physics

Human society is facing major challenges in meeting the requirements of a technological age. Internet is ubiquitous and so are a variety of devices, all of which are based on utilizing the semi-conductor. Another pervasive technology is that of GPS. The module will focus on de-mystifying these technologies and show how the principles of science are indispensable in the functioning of these technologies. For example, the semi-conductor will be shown to be the result of quantum mechanics. Nuclear energy, with emphasis on fusion as possible source of clean energy, and GPS will be shown to an application of the theory of relativity.

GEH1032 Modern Technologies in Health & Medical Care

The human race has entered an epoch where life span has increased significantly. During the twentieth century, life span has increased from around 50 to over 75 years mainly due to antibiotics, vaccinations, and improved nutrition. However this increase in lifespan has brought to the forefront a rise in many age-related diseases. These diseases, which include cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer?s disease, Parkinson?s disease, are now a focus of health care in the 21st century. This course describes many of these diseases, and their diagnosis and treatment using advanced technology found in modern hospitals. The course also provides an insight into the scientific principles underlying these new and powerful technologies.

GEH1033 How the Ocean Works

About three-quarters of the surface of our home, the Earth, is covered by an ocean of water! The ocean is inseparably intertwined with human settlements. Day in, day out, directly, indirectly - from the air that we breathe to climate change, trade, politics or social holidays - the presence and the influence of the ocean is undeniable on the human society. We will discuss how the ocean is connected to our lives, how the various ocean phenomena affect our lives and our attempts at controlling and exploiting the ocean. Students will gain an appreciation of the scientific principles involved. This course will also help us make educated decisions about our environment and our ocean, so that future generations may also enjoy the majesty of our blue planet, as we do now.

GEH1034 Clean Energy and Storage

Modern civilization, which on the one hand boasts of having discovered the behaviour of subatomic particles, has also to its credit the impending intensified energy crisis and global warming. The urgent need to address these challenges has now become obvious. The course will acquaint students with the role of scientific development towards understanding the current global energy crisis and global warming. Emphasis will be given on how scientific progress has helped us in understanding the principle and development of various clean energy and storage technologies, their potential and applicability in present day scenarios and in shaping future energy systems.

GEH1035 Physical Questions from Everyday Life

This module demonstrates the application of physical science to everyday situations besides to excite the curiosity and imagination of the students and bring out their awareness of the many marvels that surround them. Students will develope a deeper knowledge and a greater appreciation towards apparently mundane events of their daily life. Everyday phenomenon relate to physical concepts will be discussed in the context to real-world topics, societal issues, and modern technology, underscoring the relevance of science and how it relates to our day-to-day lives. During the module, students will select and discuss their own apparently mundane event and present their topic accordingly.

GEQ1000 Asking Questions

There are many ways to ask questions, and many kinds of questions that different disciplines investigate. For a start, this module introduces six dominant modes of questioning from the perspective of computational thinking, design thinking, engineering, philosophy, science, and social sciences. These six perspectives serve as a starting point to introduce all undergraduate students to different modes of questioning across these disciplines, and provide an initial exposure to how scholars from these disciplines pursue specific lines of questioning of everyday issues. We emphasize that while there is only limited time and space within one module to devote to specific disciplinary lines of investigations, we encourage all students to actively think about other lines of questioning, other questions that need to be asked, particularly in disciplines not represented in this introductory platform as we move through this journey together. We expect that in future subsequent offerings, other disciplinary modes of investigations may also be introduced.

GEK2503 Remote Sensing for Earth Observation

Images of the earth are not only beautiful to look at but also useful for learning about the earth and its state of health. In this module, students will be exposed to different types of images of the earth and their applications, especially in Southeast Asia. Major topics to be covered include types of remote sensing systems, image processing and information extraction, and applications such as global monitoring, biophysical observations, environmental management and natural hazard monitoring. This module is for students who enjoy viewing images of the earth and want to understand such images and their uses in earth science and environmental applications.

GET1042 Sky and Telescopes

The objective of this module is to provide a practical introduction to the skies and optical equipment. Students will learn the movements of celestial objects, their properties and telescopic instrumentations. In addition, there will be astronomy field trips, observatory visits and students will learn how to read star charts, operate telescopes and take astro-photographs.

GET1014 The Art of Science, The Science of Art

It often seems the worlds of science and art are unrelated: Logical truth versus emotional imagination. Still, science and art have much in common. Science has caused paradigm shifts in artistic expression while art is used for engineering design and communication of scientific knowledge. In this module, students will be introduced to the use of materials and technology related to architecture, sculpture, painting, photography and imaging. The use of technology for dating and attribution of objects of art as well as the use of visual art for scientific illustration and design will be examined. Knowledge of the scientific principles of various forms of visual art will also be explored. The module aims at the development of some artistic skills for illustrations of scientific concepts and engineering designs. This module will help students to better express their thoughts through artistic expression and appreciate visual art.

GET1015 Taming Chaos

Human perception, both introspective and regarding the external world, often seems to offer a most fundamental contrast, that between chaos and order. Some new insight has been achieved regarding the boundary between these two realms over the last 50 years. The objective of this module is to show how this came about, and that many natural phenomena, such as the great variety of snowflakes, the red spot on Jupiter or the shape of broccoli, can be understood by investigating simple repetitive elements that obey certain often very simple rules.

GET1024 Radiation - Scientific Understanding and Public Perception

This module aims to equip students with the essential knowledge to make intelligent assessments on the potential risks and uses of radiation in our modern society. After introducing the physics behind various forms of radiation, we will look at how these radiations are used in medical diagnosis and treatment and other applications. Some controversial issues in these applications will be raised and debated. The health effects of high and low levels of radiation will be presented based on scientific evidence thus dispelling some of the negative misconceptions of radiation and irrational fear of it. The social and political dynamics in electricity generation through nuclear power plants in various countries will also be discussed.

GET1043 Unverse, Big Bang and Unsolved Mysteries

In this module, students will explore the universe, its contents, properties, evolution, and origin. Major topics to be covered include ideas and concepts of the universe, astronomical observations, scientific models, big bang theory, and unsolved problems in cosmology.

Brief Description of Modules

Prerequisite & Preclusion(s): please refer to NUS Bulletin Online

PC1141 Introduction to Classical Mechanics

This module presents the fundamental principles of classical mechanics. It covers such topics as kinematics, Galilean transformation, Newton's laws of motion, dynamics of a particle with generalization to many particle systems, conservation laws, collisions, angular momentum and torque, motion of a rigid body, gravitation and planetary motion, static equilibrium, oscillatory motion and vibrational modes, waves, Doppler's effect and fluid mechanics. The module also has a practical component consisting of five experiments designed to enhance students' understanding of some of the concepts discussed in lectures. This module is targeted at science students who wish to acquire a working knowledge of mechanics, and is an essential for physics majors.

PC1142 Introduction to Thermodynamics and Optics

This module covers the fundamentals of two branches of physics: thermodynamics and optics. Its aim is to prepare students for a host of more advanced modules in these and related areas. Topics included in the part on thermodynamics are thermal processes and effects, the first and second laws, kinetic theory of gases, heat engines and entropy. The part on optics encompasses topics such as geometric optics, systems of lenses, optical instruments, interference, diffraction, grating and polarization. The module also has a practical component consisting of five experiments designed to enhance students' understanding of some of the concepts discussed in lectures. This module is targeted at science students who wish to acquire a working knowledge of thermodynamics and optics, and is an essential for physics majors.

PC1143 Introduction to Electricity & Magnetism

This module covers the fundamentals of electricity and magnetism: electric fields, electric flux and Gauss's law, electric potential; capacitance, dielectrics, current and resistance; DC circuits; magnetic fields, magnetic effect of currents, Ampere's law, electromagnetic induction; AC circuits; magnetism in matter; electromagnetic waves. The module also has a practical component consisting of five experiments designed to enhance students' understanding of some of the concepts discussed in lectures. This module is targeted at science students who wish to acquire a working knowledge in electricity and magnetism, and is an essential for physics majors.

PC1144 Introduction to Modern Physics

This module introduces the ideas of modern physics to students, with an emphasis on conceptual understanding. Topics covered are a) Einstein's theory of special relativity, including time dilation, length contraction, and his famous equation E=mc2, b) Quantum physics, where the observed phenomena of black body radiation, the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering, leading to the quantization of angular momentum and energy, atomic transitions and atomic spectra, c) Introduction to quantum mechanics, introducing the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, wave-mechanics and wave particle duality, and the use of wavefunctions in predicting the behaviour of particles trapped in potential wells, d) Nuclear physics, introducing radioactivity and decay processes, nuclear interaction and binding energy, fission and fusion, and e) Sub-atomic elementary particles and their classification. The module is targeted at science students who are interested in learning about the more recent developments in physics, and is an essential for physics majors.

PC1221 Fundamentals of Physics I

This module aims to bridge the gap between O level physics and 1st year university physics level. The syllabus covers: vectors, linear motion, velocity, acceleration, equations of kinematics, linear momentum, conservation of energy and linear momentum, forces, laws of motion and applications, work, energy, power, conservation laws, gravitation, circular motion, temperature, zeroth law, first law of thermodynamics, heat, heat capacity, ideal gas laws, thermal expansion of solids and liquids, work and heat transfer in thermodynamic processes.

PC1222 Fundamentals of Physics II

This module aims to bridge the gap between O level physics and 1st year university physics level. The module strives to comprehend and appreciate Nature through study of basic electromagnetic and optics phenomena. Major topics are: Coulomb's law, electric field and potential, capacitance, electric current, Ohm's law, magnetic field and flux, refraction, Snell's law, thin lenses, interference and diffraction of light waves, energy-mass relation, photo-electricity, and radioactivity.

PC1421 Physics for Life Sciences

This module provides a comprehensive and basic physics training within a single semester for first-year students from life sciences. It will cover mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics plus a few topics in atomic and nuclear physics. The specific contents have been chosen according to their relevance to life sciences as well as their importance in the conceptual framework of general physics.

PC1431 Physics IE

The module is designed to provide a clear and logical introduction to the concepts and principles of mechanics and thermodynamics, with illustrations based on applications to the real world. Topics covered include motion in one dimension; curvilinear motion; circular motion; relative motion; Newton's laws; friction; work and energy; conservative forces, conservation of energy; linear momentum and conservation, collisions; rotational kinematics; moment of inertia and torque; rotational dynamics; conservation of angular momentum; gravitational force, field and potential energy; planetary motion; temperature and the zeroth law, temperature scales; thermal expansion of solids and liquids; heat and internal energy, specific heat capacities, enthalpy and latent heat, work for ideal gases, first law of thermodynamics; equipartition of energy, mean free path; entropy and the second law, heat engines; entropy changes for reversible and irreversible processes. The module is targeted essentially at Engineering students.

PC1432 Physics IIE

This module introduces fundamental concepts of physics and is illustrated with many practical examples. Topics covered include a) Electricity and magnetism, where the basic concepts of electric and magnetic fields, forces on charged particles, electric potential, electromotive force, work and energy, are described. The properties of basic electrical circuits comprising resistors, inductors and capacitors are discussed, along with analysis of their transient and steady-state behaviour. Understanding the role of Maxwell's equations in electromagnetism is emphasized; b) Waves, introducing properties of waves, including geometric optics, propagation, interference and diffraction, and electromagnetic waves; and c) Quantum physics, where new physics concepts which led to the quantization of energy are introduced, leading to an explanation of atomic transitions, atomic spectra and the physical and the chemical properties of the atom. The uncertainty principle, wave-mechanics and wave particle duality concepts are covered, together with the use of wavefunctions in predicting the behaviour of trapped particles. The module is targeted essentially at Engineering students.

PC1433 Mechanics and Waves

The module consists of two parts. In Part 1, students will be introduced to the concepts and principles of mechanics of rigid bodies and their applications to solve practical problems. The topics to be covered include: force systems, equilibrium, kinematics of particles, kinetic of particles, work and energy, impulse and momentum, kinetics of system of particles, kinematics of rigid bodies, damped and undamped vibrations. In Part 2, students will be introduced to the fundamentals of wave mechanics. General description of wave propagation; types of waves: longitudinal, transverse and circular waves; speed of a travelling wave; propagation of energy and momentum; power and intensity; sound waves, oscillations of a string; light waves; superposition of waves; interference; standing waves, resonant waves; harmonics; resonance.

FMS1204P Conceptual Development of Physics

The theme of this module is on the conceptual development of physics. Several topics will be discussed e.g. (i) Conceptual development of the fundamental constituents of matter from the Greek atomists (Leucippus and Democritus) to the current M- theory. [Reference: The Elegant Universe by Brian Greene, W W Norton & Company (1999)] (ii) Conceptual development of quantum theory [Reference: The Fabric of the Cosmos by Brian Greene (2003)] (iii) Conceptual development of relativity [Reference: Albert Einstein: Opportunity and Perception by C N Yang, International Journal of Modern Physics A (Jan 2006)] (iv) Physical laws and symmetries in physics (v) Gauge field and its historical development. Core issues of physics.

FMS1205P Nanoworld and Synchrotron Radiation

The essence of nanoworld, i.e. nanoscience and technology, is the ability to understand and manipulate matter at the atomic level. Structures and electronic and magnetic structures behave differently when their dimensions are reduced to the range of between one and a few hundred nanometres (1 nanometre = 10-9 metre). They exhibit novel and much-improved mechanical, electrical, optical, chemical and biological properties, due entirely to their nanoscopic size. The nanoworld is therefore an exciting new realm that brings together the traditional disciplines of physics, chemistry, materials science, biology and engineering. To understand the nanoworld, we will introduce basic and advance spectroscopy and scattering synchrotron-based techniques such as x-ray absorption, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, resonant soft x-ray scattering, xray photoemission spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. We will also introduce scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The aim of this module is to familiarise students with the main issues and techniques relevant to the nanometre scale. Questions that will be addressed include: What is the significance of the nanoscale? What measurement techniques allow us to examine such systems? How can we fabricate objects and devices on the nanometre scale? What are the examples of fascinating nanosystems? How will nanodevices and nanomaterials change our lives in the future? This module is targeted at students from different faculties who are interested in learning some general knowledge of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

FMS1206P Energy Storage Devices - State of the Art

Increased mechanization has simplified our daily lives significantly, but their high energy consumption nature has also raised concerns about depleting fossil fuels (currently the main source of energy). Research is being carried out worldwide to find alternate sources of energy. Solar and wind energy sound most promising but their intermittent nature is a major drawback. To counter this, significant R&D is being done to devise efficient energy storage devices. This module attempts to give an overview of alternate energy systems and highlight the importance of energy storage devices. Principle of operation, R&D and future trends, merits and limitations of various energy storage systems will be discussed. Pumped storage devices, fuel cells, batteries and their types, super capacitors and hydrogen storage will be focused upon.

FMS1207P The Scientific Method and How It Can Fail

By studying historical examples of great consequence, such as the development of the theory of heat or the birth of particle physics, students will learn about the scientific method. They will apply their new skill to projects that mimic a research situation. They will also examine famous cases of bad science, such as N rays and cold fusion, and learn how to notice cases of pseudoscience, such as the intelligence quotient or the SETI project.

FMS1208P Experimental Physics

Many major advances in physics have been driven by results of experiments which defied explanation by the then known laws of physics. The purpose of this seminar series is to introduce students to the importance of experimental physics. Fundamental principles of physics will explored through demonstration experiments. Working in small groups students will explore ways to improve or further such demonstrations.

FMS1209P Science of Solar and Thermal Energy

The world is facing energy crises because of over- consumption and over-reliance on fossil fuel. Solar and thermal energies are the alternatives. The purpose of this Seminar is to introduce freshman to the mysteries of solar energy and thermal energy. Amongst the questions that would be discussed are: what is the physics of radiation? How can solar and thermal energy be converted to electricity? How can solar and thermal energy be used smartly? What are the main scientific, technological, economical, and even political problems to be overcome for using solar and thermal energy?

FMS1210P Imaging Our World

In our daily life we are surrounded by images. In science, images play an important role as well. These images contain scientific information, but there is also an element of beauty: we gaze at images of far galaxies or at images of individual atoms. In this seminar we will explore various aspect of scientific imaging and address questions such as: What is it that we are actually looking at? How are these images produced? What are the limitations in imaging at small and large dimensions?

FMS1211P Understanding the Material Genome

In 2011, US White House announced the Materials Genome Initiative to develop an infrastructure to accelerate materials discovery and deployment. Rapid development is now taking place, not only in USA but also in many other countries. Successful implementation of the Materials Genome will impact materials research and development, similar to the Human Genome in medicine. In this module, students will have a chance to understand what the Materials Genome is and its impact, explore related issues such as materials properties, high throughput simulations, organization of information, databases, materials design based on materials informatics, as well as its social impact. Students will be exposed to this new paradigm of materials research and development and become prepared for further study in this new era.

FMS1212P SYC: Simple Yet Complex

Students often tend to think that if a system displays a complex behavior, it must be itself somehow complicated, difficult to describe. The aim of the module is to show, in a playful way, that this is not (always) the case, that really simple systems ranging from physics, meteorology, engineering, computer science, biology and economics, can have a rich, complex ? and unpredictable behavior. Many notions are at the heart of this module such as determinism versus predictability, chaos, the need for a statistical description, random walks, ergodicity, entropy, fractals, cellular automata, self-organized criticality, emergent behavior, etc.

FMS1214P SILK: FIBERS THAT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN OUR WORLD

After long evolution, many biomaterials are of ultra-performance than the artificial ones. What makes these materials so different? In this module, we will explore why spider silk fibers are so strong from the point of view of structure, how the mechanical strength of fibers can be measured. The silkworm silk fibers will be used for comparison to the spider silk fibers. In addition, this module will demonstrate how fluorescent silk fibers are made from live silkworms. Students will be introduced to the fundamental concept of the hierarchal structure of soft materials and the mechanical performance in relation to the structure, and how to functionalize soft materials like silks.

Brief Description of Modules

Prerequisite & Preclusion(s): please refer to NUS Bulletin Online

PC2020 Electromagnetics for Electrical Engineers

This module is an introduction to electromagnetics (EM) for electrical engineers. Electromagnetics is essential in all disciplines of electrical engineering. At the end of this module, students will be able to explain many physical phenomena in everyday life, such as electricity energy transmission, wave reflection/transmission, and the impact of skin depth on wave propagation. Topics covered include: static electric fields, static magnetic fields, timevarying fields, electromagnetic waves, transmission lines and antennas.

PC2130 Quantum Mechanics I

This module provides a rigorous introduction to quantum mechanics. It covers the following list of topics: Description of quantum systems: Hilbert space; observables, eigenfunctions, the statistical interpretation, the uncertainty relations; pure and mixed states using density matrices and the Dirac notation. Two-level systems are discussed as an example, considering Stern-Gerlach interferometer. Then the Schrodinger equation and stationary states are discussed, using the free particle, the square well, barriers and the harmonic oscillator as examples. Furthermore, problems in three dimensions are discussed: spin and orbital angular momentum; the Schrodinger equation in spherical coordinates; the hydrogen atom and the addition of angular momenta.

PC2130B Applied Quantum Physics

Introductory aspects of quantum physics. Two state quantum systems. The wave function and Schrodinger equation. Quantum harmonic oscillator; hydrogen atom; spherical harmonics. Atomic spectra. Scattering theory. Applications such as semiconductors, lasers, quantum dots and wires.

PC2131 Electricity and Magnetism I

Among the four fundamental forces in nature, the electromagnetic force has great technological importance and is critical for the understanding of other subjects in science and engineering, such as optics, radiation, chemistry, biology and electrical engineering. This module provides a comprehensive treatment of electromagnetic fields and forces. It covers the following topics: vector analysis, electrostatics, special techniques in electrostatics, magnetostatics, electric and magnetic fields in matter, electromotive force, electromagnetic induction, and Maxwell's equations. This module is targeted at physics majors and science students in general.

PC2132 Classical Mechanics

This module aims to consider the principles of mechanics in a rigorous mathematical framework, and to establish a bridge to the principles of modern physics. The topics to be covered include: kinematics; damped and driven oscillators; energy and angular momentum, conservative forces; twobody and many-body problems, centre-of-mass; central-force motion, inverse square law, orbits, scattering; action principle; Lagrangian mechanics; Hamiltonian mechanics; small-amplitude oscillations, normal modes; rotating rigid bodies; rotating reference frames, centrifugal and Coriolis forces, Foucault's pendulum. A good command of calculus and some basic knowledge of linear algebra are required.

PC2133 Applied Solid State Physics

Structure of solids, practical determination of structure, elasticity, phonons and lattice vibration; thermal properties of insulators, free electron gas; semiconductor crystals. Transport properties.

PC2134 Mathematical Methods in Physics I

This module aims to give students the necessary mathematical skills for other physics courses. The topics to be covered include: complex numbers and hyperbolic functions; multivariable calculus; elements of vector calculus; Taylor series; Fourier series, Dirac delta-function, Fourier transforms, Laplace transforms, physical applications; second-order ordinary and partial differential equations, wave equation, diffusion equation, Poisson's equation; Green's functions; Sturm-Liouville theory; special functions associated with physical systems, Hermite polynomials, Bessel functions, Legendre functions.

PC2193 Experimental Physics I

This module provides a comprehensive training of both experimental and analytical skills in mechanics, thermal physics, electronics, magnetism, nuclear physics, semiconductors, optics and lasers. In particular, emphasis is placed on the measurement skill that will be required in the industries of semiconductors, optical communications and life sciences. While this module is mainly targeted at physics majors, it is also suitable for science and engineering students who are interested in a career in the above-mentioned industries.

PC2230 Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics

This module is an introductory course in statistical and thermal physics, and is a prerequisite to advanced statistical mechanics. The topics to be covered include: mathematical background, laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamics functions, chemical equilibrium and phase transitions, kinetic theory, postulates of statistical mechanics, independent particle approach of statistical mechanics, basic distributions, ideal gases, paramagnetism, equipartition theorem, etc. Science and engineering students with a background knowledge of general physics are the targeted students.

PC2232 Physics for Electrical Engineers

This 2000 level module is designed to give students an indepth grounding in fundamental aspects of modern physics. The module concentrates on modern optics and quantum mechanics (QM), with a focus on the applications of these two topics in electrical engineering.

PC2239 Special Problems in Undergrad Physics I

The module is intended for a small cohort of undergraduates who have a strong aptitude for physics and who have demonstrated outstanding scholarship. The problems will be assigned on a case-by-case basis.

PC2267 Biophysics I

This module introduces the underlying principles and mechanisms of physics behind life sciences. It incorporates introductory concepts of physics into the phenomena associated with biological functions. The topics to be covered include: biological structures and the relation to biophysics; principles and methods of physics applied to biology; physical aspects of structure and functionalities of biomolecules, physical principles of bioenergy conversion and membrane-bound energy transduction; physical processes of bio-transport, nerves and bioelectricity. The module includes some basic biophysics experiments. It is targeted at both physics and non-physics students who already have basic knowledge in physics.

PC2288 Basic UROPS in Physics I

Please note that only 4 MCs can be accredited towards major requirements in case that a student undertakes 8 MCs for both PC2288 and PC2289.

PC2289 Basic UROPS in Physics II

Please note that only 4 MCs can be accredited towards major requirements in case that a student undertakes 8 MCs for both PC2288 and PC2289.

SP2251 Science at the Nanoscale

Many topics debated in nanoscience are frontier and futuristic, although some have immediate technological applications. The fundamental scientific principles of all nanotechnology applications, however, are grounded in basic physics and chemistry. This module thus aims to illustrate and discuss the physics and chemistry that are operative at the nanoscale. Students will be introduced to some fundamental principles of physics and chemistry important to the nanoscale and learn to appreciate what the world is like when things are shrunk to this scale. They will also learn about some basic physical tools that can be used to explore structures at this length scale. On completion of this module, students will learn to appreciate the linkages between the fundamental sciences and practical applications in nanotechnology.

Brief Description of Modules

Prerequisite & Preclusion(s): please refer to NUS Bulletin Online

PC3130 Quantum Mechanics II

This module continues from PC2130 and completes the basic formation of the student in quantum mechanics.
Description of composite systems: tensor product, two-particle entanglement; systems of N identical particles.
Perturbation theory: time-independent, both non-degenerate and degenerate; example: Zeeman effect. Time-dependent: Fermi golden rule; example: atom in a classical e-m field. Discussion of stimulated and spontaneous emission.
Other approximation schemes: the variational principle; the WKB approximation and the “classical” region, tunneling and the connecting formula; the adiabatic approximation. Scattering: partial wave analysis and the Born approximation..

PC3193 Experimental Physics II

This continuous assessment module is intended to provide training in experimental techniques and analytical skills. Experiments are based on various areas of physics such as spectroscopy, nuclear physics, laser physics, optics and electronics. Some experiments involve the use of research-grade equipment like the electron microscope, the atomic force microscope and the FTIR spectrophotometer. Project-type experiments are also available. The module is targeted at science and engineering students who have a foundation in Level 2 experimental physics.

PC3231 Electricity and Magnetism II

This is the sequel to PC2131 Electricity & Magnetism I, leading to the objective of understanding classical electrodynamics. Most of the examples presented require a certain degree of mathematical manipulation, as compared to a first course in electricity and magnetism. It covers the following topics: conservation laws, electromagnetic waves in vacuum and in matter, guided waves, the potential formulation, Lienard-Wiechert potentials, dipole radiation, radiation from point charges, special relativity, relativistic mechanics and relativistic electrodynamics.

PC3232 Nuclear & Particle Physics

This is an intermediate course in nuclear physics, with an introduction to particle physics. Properties of nuclei, e.g., masses, spins, and moments, are introduced and an introductory discussion of nuclear models is presented, the semi-empirical mass formula, the Fermi gas model, the shell model and some aspects of the collective model are discussed. The energy balances and spin/parity selection rules of alpha, beta and gamma decay processes are discussed in considerable detail. The various types of interaction between radiation and matter are discussed, and an introduction to radiation detectors is given. A discussion of the operational principles and technological aspects of accelerators and an introductory survey of particle physics completes the material covered.

PC3232B Applied Nuclear Physics

This module explores elements of nuclear physics and its applications for students who are not physics majors, beginning with a concise introduction to the relevant elements of quantum mechanics. After a discussion of basic nuclear properties (masses, radii, spins, binding energies), elements of nuclear structure are introduced (liquid drop, Fermi gas and Shell model). Then alpha, beta and gamma decays, their selection rules and transition probabilities are discussed. The general properties of nuclear reactions, their conservation laws and energetics and the general features of the different reaction mechanisms are illustrated.The various interactions between radiation and matter are discussed, and an introduction to radiation detectors and technological applications (nuclear medicine, PET, accelerators, fusion, fission) are covered, and lastly the basics of radiation protection are discussed.

PC3233 Atomic & Molecular Physics I

This module presents the basic concepts and principles of atomic and molecular physics. In particular, the module revolves around the energy level schemes of atoms and molecules which are essential to the interpretation of atomic and molecular spectra. Topics covered include the hydrogen and helium atoms, spin-orbit coupling schemes, hyperfine interaction, Lamb shift, atoms in magnetic fields, multi-electron atoms, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund's rules, diatomic molecules, Born-Oppenheimer approximation, electronic, vibrational, rotational and rotational-vibrational spectra; The module is targeted at students who have background in quantum mechanics and want to build the foundations for studying the interactions of matter and light in modern atomic physics contexts.

PC3235 Solid State Physics I

This is a first course in solid state physics. It aims to lay the foundations for students seeking to major in physics as well as students studying in materials science and engineering. The lectures emphasize on the fundamental concepts of condensed matter, covering crystal structure and reciprocal lattice, crystal binding and elastic constants, crystal vibrations and thermal properties, free electron theory and physical properties of metals, electron in periodic potentials, and basic semiconductors. Simple model prediction data and the experimental data from real systems would be compared and discussed to help students develop an intuitive understanding of the subject.

PC3236 Computational Methods In Physics

The module presents basic computational methods useful for physics and science students. The lectures cover: (1) Basic numerical methods - differentiation, integration, interpolation, root-finding and random number generators, (2) Differential equations - finite difference method, shooting method and relaxation method; applications to chaotic dynamics of a driven pendulum, one-dimensional Schrödinger equation, and fast Fourier transform, (3) Matrices - Gaussian elimination scheme for a system of linear equations, eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices; Hartree-Fock approximation, (4) Monte Carlo simulations - sampling and integration; random walk and simulation of diffusion equation, stochastic differential equation, Brownian dynamics; variational Monte Carlo simulation; Metropolis algorithm and Ising model, and (5) Finite element methods - basic concepts; applications to the Poisson equation in electrostatics.

PC3238 Fluid Dynamics

This module introduces physics students to the fundamental aspects of fluid dynamics. The Navier-Stokes equations are derived from first principles. After a discussion of the various versions of Bernoulli's equation and the concept of vorticity, the study of fluid flows starts with the potential flows, with an application to the theory of airfoils. The theory of irrotational water waves is then presented to illustrate dispersive wave propagation and the hyperbolic tendency to form shocks. The balance of these two tendencies produces soliton solutions. The concept of flow similarity is applied to the study of boundary layer. The phenomenon of boundary layer separation is discussed. The concept of hydrodynamic instability is illustrated with the Rayleigh-Benard convection problem. The chaotic dynamics of the related Lorenz equation is then presented. A brief introduction to turbulence closes the module.

PC3239 Special Problems in Undergrad Physics II

The module is intended for a small cohort of undergraduates who have a strong aptitude for physics and who have demonstrated outstanding scholarship. The problems will be assigned on a case-by-case basis.

PC3240 Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics

This module will cover the basic physical principles and mathematical theories essential for understanding the dynamics of the atmosphere, ocean and climate. The aim is to provide students with an introductory but rigorous course, so that they will be well-prepared for postgraduate studies or a career as research scientist at weather services or climate research establishments. The major topics to be covered include: radiative energy balance and green-house effect, dynamics of the atmosphere in the mid-latitudes and the tropics, dynamics of the wind driven, thermohaline ocean circulations, and numerical simulations of the atmosphere-ocean systems for weather prediction and climate projects.

PC3241 Solid State Devices

This module aims to introduce students to solid state devices. The topics covered include: introduction to semiconductors, charge carrier concentrations, drift of carriers in electric and magnetic fields, diffusion and recombination of excess carriers, p-n junction physics, junction diodes, tunnel diodes, photodiodes, light emitting diodes, bipolar junction transistors, junction field effect transistors (JFET), metal-semiconductor contacts metal-insulator-semiconductor interfaces, basic MOSFET.

PC3242 Physics of Semiconductor Processing

The module discusses the physics of material processing techniques in semiconductor industry, in particular diffusion, ion implantation, oxidation/dielectric layers, epitaxy, thin film deposition and characterization, lithography and etching. The limitation and future development of current microelectronic technology, processing and application of nano-structured materials, as well as opto-electronic device fabrication will also be discussed. This module is designed for physics and materials science students who are interested in working in semiconductor manufacturing and related areas.

PC3243 Photonics

This module is a first course on photonics that combines fundamentals with important applications, and is targeted at students interested in modern optical technology. The course covers planar dielectric waveguides, basics of optical fibre communication, optical properties of crystals and semiconductors, interband transitions and radiative recombination, semiconductor detectors, stimulated emission and population inversion, diode laser threshold and output power, argon and YAG lasers, Q-switching and mode-locking, electro-optics modulators and flat panel displays. The course strives to maintain succinctness in physical meaning and simplicity in approach with generous allotment of numerical examples to help in understanding the equations.

PC3246 Astrophysics I

This module introduces the application of physics to astronomy. The students will be introduced to some astronomical phenomena, and they will learn to understand these fascinating phenomena by using basic physics. The module allows the physics students to review, and to extend their knowledge. The module cover two basic classes of celestial objects: the stars and planets. The topics include Kepler’s laws, telescopes, binary stars, stellar spectra, stellar interiors, stellar formation, and planetary tidal forces.

PC3247 Modern Optics

The objective of this module is to establish the interconnectedness of knowledge between principles of optics and modern sciences/technologies and identify the applications in our daily life. It covers wave properties, refraction and dispersion, interference, Michelson interferometer, Fabry-Perot cavity and optical resonator, interference filter, Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction, resolution limit, Fourier transformation, holography; polarisation, birefringence and wave plates, light absorption and emission, lasers. This module is targeted at physics and non-physics students, who are interested in principles of modern optics.

PC3251 Nanophysics

The changes to physical properties (electronic, optical and magnetic) due to formation of structures at the nanoscale will be the main emphasis of this module. Properties differing from the bulk due either to an increase in surface area/volume ratio or quantum confinement will be studied in structures ranging from quantum wells, wires and dots to self-assembled mono-layers and heterostructure formation. The kinetics and thermodynamics driving the formation of these nanostructured surfaces and interfaces will be discussed. The module will also highlight current and potential applications of these nanoscale systems. Examples of materials systems will include metals, oxides, III-V, II-VI, CNT, SiC and SiGe systems.

PC3267 Biophysics II

This module aims to introduce the principles and approaches of physics in the area of molecular biophysics. It includes molecular complexes of biomolecules; physical and symmetrical relationships between biomolecules; physical and structural characteristics of proteins and amino acids; symmetric and statistical descriptions of nucleic acids; first law and second law of thermodynamics in biological systems; bonding and non-bonding potentials, and stabilizing interactions in biomacromolecules, and the correlation to macromolecular structures; molecular mechanics in biological systems; bio soft condensed materials, bio-membrane and biomembrane structure, principles of molecular self assembly of biomolecules. There is a lab component included in this module. This module is targeted at both physics and non-physics students who already have basic knowledge in physics and life sciences.

PC3274 Mathematical Methods in Physics II

This module introduces important mathematical methods for the solution of a variety of mathematical problems in physics. The following topics are covered: functions of a complex variable, singularities and residues, contour integration; calculus of variations; transformations in physics, symmetries and group theory, discrete groups, group representations and their applications in physics; tensor analysis, application to classical mechanics, electrodynamics, and relativity.

PC3280 Senior Student Seminar

This student seminar series offers the opportunity to study a particular subject directly supervised by a faculty member whose research is related to the subject. The subjects are presented in form of seminar talks with time for questions and discussions, and are to be summarized in a report. Emphasis is made on further developing presentation and communication skills by supervision of the preparation of seminar talks and feedback on presentation style involving fellow students. The actual physical field that is covered by the seminar series depends on the particular lecturer(s) and will be announced online.

Please refer to the following website for more information:
http://www.physics.nus.edu.sg/corporate/student/ugrad_module_PC3280.html

PC3288 Advanced UROPS in Physics I

Please note also that only 4MCs can be accredited towards major requirements in case that a student undertakes 8MCs for both PC3288 and PC3289.

PC3289 Advanced UROPS in Physics II

Please note also that only 4MCs can be accredited towards major requirements in case that a student undertakes 8MCs for both PC3288 and PC3289.

PC3294 Radiation Laboratory

The module provides hands-on experience with modern detectors, electronics, data acquisition systems, radiation sources and other nuclear physics equipment that forms the basis for the applications of nuclear physics to medical physics, radiation protection and other fields. The module will be restricted to the students in the Medical Physics minor.